[BCSA SOCIAL MEDIA TEAM 24/25 – Author: Xinyi Chen, Editor: Giacomo Cai]
In the first half of the 20th century, China was governed by the Qing dynasty, and it was mainly an agricultural society. In 1911 the Qing dynasty fell due to the revolution and the Chinese Republic was established led by Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang (party). However, the country was fragmented because different regions were controlled by “warlords” (local leaders). In 1921, the Chinese Communist Party was founded, initially allied with the Kuomintang, but relations deteriorated in 1927 when Chiang Kai-shek launched an offensive against the communists.
In 1934 Mao Zedong and the communists embarked on the Long March, a retreat of about 9,000 km that solidified Mao as the leader.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937- 1945), the communists employed guerrilla tactics (formations of men characterized by surprise attacks or ambushes), gaining popular support through land distribution to the peasants. After the Japanese defeat in 1945, the civil war continued, and the communists triumphed over the Kuomintang, so they retreated to Taiwan, where it continued to call itself the Republic of China. Subsequently, the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949. The Communists’ victory was due to their greater cohesion and agricultural policies, which ensured broad popular support, while the Kuomintang suffered from corruption and inflation. After the victory, Mao established a socialist one-party regime, maintaining power until he died in 1976.
Successively, in the 1980s, Deng Xiaoping opened China to the market through an economic reform. Compared with other communist regimes that collapsed, China was able to create an effective mixed economy system.
Fonzo, E. (2023, January 29). La Rivoluzione Cinese di Mao in breve: Come la cina è diventata un paese comunista. Geopop. https://www.geopop.it/la-rivoluzione-cinese-di-mao-in-breve-come-la-cina-e-diventata-un-paese-comunista/
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